Boshra hola
General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research
Administration of Horticulture.
Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University
2019
Abstract
This study was carried out to determine the efficiency of different substrates (sawdust and wheat straw) supplemented with some supplements (wheat bran, wheat seeds and soya bean seeds) at different concentrations (10, 20 and 30 %) on phonology, morphology, productivity and quality of king oyster mushroom Pleurotus eryngii. The results showed that the shortest period which Pleurotus eryngii needed to complete its production cycle was on wheat straw substrate supplemented with 30 % all supplements at the concentration of, and the shortest period needed to complete the growth of mycelia was on sawdust substrate supplemented with soya beans at the concentration of 20 % (16 Day), and the shortest period to complete the maturity of mycelia was on sawdust substrate supplemented with wheat straw at the concentration of 30 % (13 Days), the shortest time to start fruiting was on the substrate of 100 % of sawdust (7.50 Days), and the shortest period to first flush was on wheat straw substrate supplemented with wheat bran at the concentration of 30 % (5.50 Days). The high numbers of fruit bodies were on wheat straw substrate supplemented with soya beans at the concentration of 20 % (7.80 bodies), while the highest fruit body weight was on wheat straw substrate supplemented with soya beans at the concentration of 30 % (114.09 g), the highest length of fruit body stem was recorded on wheat straw substrate supplemented with soya beans at the concentration of 30 % (61.96 mm) with a diameter of 30.19 mm, and the highest thickness of cap was for fruit bodies resting from sawdust substrate supplemented with soya beans at the concentration of 20 % (10.63 mm), while cap diameter was the highest on wheat straw substrate supplemented with soya beans at the concentration of 30 %. And the highest numbers of flushes was on sawdust substrate supplemented with wheat beans at the concentration of 30 % (3.29 flush), the highest production was on wheat straw substrate supplemented with soya beans at the concentration of 20 % (286.69 g/kg) and bioefficiency of 122.21 %.
The results shown the variation in the quality characters of king oyster mushroom depending on the growth substrate, the sawdust substrate supplemented with wheat beans at the concentration of 30 % was superior in dry material percentage (22.38 %), the highest protein percentage in fruiting bodies (26.75%) was on sawdust substrate supplemented with soya beans at the concentration of 10 %, the fat amount in fruiting bodies didn’t effect by substrate type, and there wasn’t any significant difference between sawdust and wheat straw substrate, for the carbohydrates percentage, the fruiting bodies resetting from sawdust substrate supplemented with wheat brain at the concentration of 20 % were excelled (67.21 %), while wheat straw substrate recorded the highest percentage of ach (10.46 %), also fruiting bodies resulting from sawdust supplemented with soya beans at the concentration of 20 % recorded the highest content of fibers (6.38 %). In conclusion, the results indicate that the substrate has a significant impact on the growth and productivity of the king oyster mushroom, the substrate of wheat straw has been superior in terms of phenological, morphological and productive characteristics, while the substrate containing the sawdust has been superior in the quality of the mushroom, so we can Select the most appropriate substrate according to the purpose of agriculture.
Key words: King oyster mushroom Pleurotus eryngii, sawdust, wheat straw, supplements.