Boshra hola
General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research
Administration of Horticulture.
Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University
2019

Abstract

This study was carried out to determine the efficiency of different substrates (sawdust and wheat straw) supplemented with some supplements (wheat bran, wheat seeds and soya bean seeds) at different concentrations (10, 20 and 30 %) on phonology, morphology, productivity and quality of king oyster mushroom Pleurotus eryngii. The results showed that the shortest period which Pleurotus eryngii needed to complete its production cycle was on wheat straw substrate supplemented with 30 % all supplements at the concentration of, and the shortest period needed to complete the growth of mycelia was on sawdust substrate supplemented with soya beans at the concentration of 20 % (16 Day), and the shortest period to complete the maturity of mycelia was on sawdust substrate supplemented with wheat straw at the concentration of 30 % (13 Days), the shortest time to start fruiting was on the substrate of 100 % of sawdust (7.50 Days), and the shortest period to first flush was on wheat straw substrate supplemented with wheat bran at the concentration of 30 % (5.50 Days). The high numbers of fruit bodies were on wheat straw substrate supplemented with soya beans at the concentration of 20 % (7.80 bodies), while the highest fruit body weight was on wheat straw substrate supplemented with soya beans at the concentration of 30 % (114.09 g), the highest length of fruit body stem was recorded on wheat straw substrate supplemented with soya beans at the concentration of 30 % (61.96 mm) with a diameter of 30.19 mm, and the highest thickness of cap was for fruit bodies resting from sawdust substrate supplemented with soya beans at the concentration of 20 % (10.63 mm), while cap diameter was the highest on wheat straw substrate supplemented with soya beans at the concentration of 30 %. And the highest numbers of flushes was on sawdust substrate supplemented with wheat beans at the concentration of 30 % (3.29 flush), the highest production was on wheat straw substrate supplemented with soya beans at the concentration of 20 % (286.69 g/kg) and bioefficiency of 122.21 %.

The results shown the variation in the quality characters of king oyster mushroom depending on the growth substrate, the sawdust substrate supplemented with wheat beans at the concentration of 30 % was superior in dry material percentage (22.38 %), the highest protein percentage in fruiting bodies (26.75%) was on sawdust substrate supplemented with soya beans at the concentration of 10 %, the fat amount in fruiting bodies didn’t effect by substrate type, and there wasn’t any significant difference between sawdust and wheat straw substrate, for the carbohydrates percentage, the fruiting bodies resetting from sawdust substrate supplemented with wheat brain at the concentration of 20 % were excelled (67.21 %), while wheat straw substrate recorded the highest percentage of ach (10.46 %), also fruiting bodies resulting from sawdust supplemented with soya beans at the concentration of 20 % recorded the highest content of fibers (6.38 %). In conclusion, the results indicate that the substrate has a significant impact on the growth and productivity of the king oyster mushroom, the substrate of wheat straw has been superior in terms of phenological, morphological and productive characteristics, while the substrate containing the sawdust has been superior in the quality of the mushroom, so we can Select the most appropriate substrate according to the purpose of agriculture.

Key words: King oyster mushroom Pleurotus eryngii, sawdust, wheat straw, supplements.

Under the patronage of Dr. Magda Mohammed Mofleh, Director General of GCSAR, the first meeting of GSP National Team was held on 3 July 2018, in the presence of Dr. Bahaa Al-rahban, Deputy of Director General. Dr. Manhal Alzoubi presented the importance of establishing a national team to work with The Global soil Partnership GSP, the Five Pillars of GSP, Syria chaired the second pillar, the NENA work Plan, the Global Soil Laboratory Network GLOSOLAN, the International Network of Soil Information Institutions INSII, International Network of Black Soils INBS, soil doctors programme and the celebration of the World Soil Day.
After the presentation, the national team headquarters and the GIS laboratory were opened in Al-Hijaz and the work of the five pillars was distributed to the national team, furthermore the team was nominated for the international networks

Under the patronage of Minister of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform Ahmed Fatih Al-Qadri and the presence of the deputy Minister Dr. Luay Aslan, the Director General of the General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR) Dr. Majida Mufleh, the Dupery Director General Dr. Bahaa Alrahban and the head of the Department of Soil Science at the Faculty of Agriculture – University of Damascus a workshop was held on 28 February 2018 at the headquarters of the Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform entitled Olive Mill Wastewater OMWW as source of clean energy.
Dr. Ghonwa Khaddour presented the results of her experiment on fermenting the OMWW in an anaerobic way within the biogas digester. The importance of this work was described as: fermentation OMWW that contains phenols by Methane bacteria into biogas and organic fertilizers is safely mean to get clean energy and organic fertilizers, thus it is safe way to solve the problem of OMWW which is produced annually in large quantities and causing pollution of water bodies and the environment.
It is the first time in Syria, GCSAR through a research experiment, recycles olive mill wastewater (OMWW) into a bio-gas and organic fertilizers.

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